Key terms defined.

Plain-English definitions for the science you'll see across our range. No jargon, no marketing — just what each term actually means.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide NMN

A naturally occurring compound and a direct precursor to NAD+. The body converts NMN into NAD+ via the salvage pathway. Used as a food supplement ingredient in the UK.

Dihydronicotinamide Mononucleotide NMNH

The reduced form of NMN. Distinct chemistry, different absorption profile from standard NMN. Both are NAD+ precursors but enter the pathway differently.

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NAD+

A coenzyme present in every cell. Central to cellular energy production, DNA repair, and sirtuin function. NAD+ levels decline progressively with age.

Nicotinamide Riboside NR

Another NAD+ precursor. NR is converted into NMN, then into NAD+ — placing NMN one step closer to NAD+ in the salvage pathway.

Trans-Resveratrol

A polyphenol naturally found in red grape skins and Japanese knotweed. The trans-isomer is the bioactive form studied for sirtuin pathway interaction. Often paired with NMN.

Trimethylglycine TMG

A methyl donor compound. Included alongside NMN in some stacks because NAD+ metabolism uses methyl groups during the salvage pathway.

ISO/IEC 17025 Accreditation

The international standard for testing laboratory competence. An accredited lab has been independently audited and proven competent in the specific tests it performs — far above general "quality tested" claims.

Certificate of Analysis CoA

A document from an independent laboratory confirming what was tested in a specific batch — identity, potency, heavy metals, microbial safety — and the results. Available on request for any Vitality batch.

Pterostilbene

A bioavailable methylated analogue of resveratrol. A polyphenol studied for its role in the same sirtuin pathways NAD+ supports. See: Sirtuins pillar.

Apigenin

A botanical flavone compound naturally found in chamomile, parsley and celery. Studied for its complementary role alongside NAD+ precursor supplementation. See: NAD+ pillar.